Many more Quranist
NOTABLE QURANISTS
Kassim Ahmad (1933–present) – a Malaysian Muslim reformer and philosopher. He received his Bachelor of Art’s degree in Malay language and literature, but also read widely in political science and Islamic philosophy. He taught Malay language and literature for a time in the London’s School of Oriental and African Studies and then in a secondary school in Penang. His 1986 Malaysian book "Hadith: A Re-evaluation" was met with controversy and some scholars declared him an apostate from Islam for suggesting that "the hadith are sectarian, anti-science, anti-reason and anti-women".[16][70] He is also the author of the book "Islamic Renaissance: A New Era Has Started". His students currently run a Qurʾāniyūn magazine.[71]
Shabbir Ahmed (1946–present) – a Pakistani American physician. He is author of “The Qur’an As It Explains Itself”, or QXP, a non-literal translation of the meaning of the Qur'an in plain English. He interprets the meaning of the words and phrases in Quran by comparing them to other instances where they are used elsewhere in the Qur'an.[72]
Chiragh Ali (1844–1895) – an Indian Muslim scholar. As a colleague of Sir Sayyid Ahmad Khan, he made a contribution to the school of Muslim Modernists and presented reformative thinking about the Qu'ran. He is author of the books "A Critical Exposition of the Popular Jihad" and "The Proposed Political, Legal, and Social Reforms in the Ottoman Empire and Other Mohammadan States".
Ruby Amatulla (?–present) – an American business woman who is an activist promoting understanding and constructive engagements between the West and the Muslim world. She is a writer and a speaker for the cause. She is president of the non-profit organization, Muslims for Peace, Justice and Progress (MPJP).[73]
Khwaja Ahmad-ud-Din Amritsari (1861–1936) – an Indian Muslim reformer. He was founder of the Anjuman-i-Ummat-i-Muslima and author of the book "Mu'jizat al-Quran".[74]
Shafie Ayar (1961–present) – an Afghan-born activist, author, and TV personality. He is the author of "Hamasa-e-Eman," "Paqnjal Hae-e-Khoneen," "Nawrooze tan Behrooz," "Afghanistan – Jihad and Peace," and "Afghan Hearts & Minds".[75]
Gamal al-Banna (1920–2013) – an Egyptian author, and trade unionist. He is the youngest brother of Hassan al-Banna (1906–49), the founder of the Muslim Brotherhood. Unlike his brother, however, Gamal al-Banna is a liberal scholar and well known for his criticism of Islamic traditional narratives rejecting 635 Hadiths of Bukhari and Muslim which he finds contradictory to Qur'an and its message of justice, freedom, and tolerance. Gamal al-Banna is also the great-uncle of the well-known Swiss Muslim Tariq Ramadan.
Ali Behzadnia (1941–present) – an Iranian American physician. He is a lifetime student of Islam and is interested in Quranic research and Interfaith Dialogue. He is socio-politically active and was a member in the first cabinet after the revolution in Iran, as Deputy Minister of Health and welfare, acting Minister of Education and associate professor in Medicine at Tehran University. He opposed the non-democratic religious regime of Iran, and returned to the United States, after nearly two years.[76]
Mallam Saleh Idris Bello (?–present) – a Nigerian Islamic scholar and reformer.[77]
Maurice Bucaille (1920–1998) – a French physician, member of the French Society of Egyptology, and an author. Bucaille practiced medicine from 1945–82 and was a specialist in gastroenterology. In 1976 Bucaille published his book, "The Bible, The Qur'an and Science" which argued that the Qur'an contains no statements contradicting established scientific facts.
Abdullah Chakralawi (?–1916) – an Indian scholar. He founded the organization called Ahle Qur'an.[40]
Tawfik Hamid (1961–present) – an author from Egypt who opposes Islamic fundamentalism.[78][79]
Taj Hargey (1953–present) – a South African Muslim scholar and reformer. He was an anti-apartheid activist in South Africa. He received his Ph.D. in Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies from Oxford University. He is the founder of the Muslim Education Centre of Oxford (MECO) and the Imam of the Summertown Islamic congregation.[80][81][82][83]
Taha Hussein, (1889–1973) – an Egyptian writer.[84]
Aslam Jairajpuri (1882–1955) – an Indian scholar of Qur'an, Hadith, and Islamic history who is best known for his books "Talimat-e-Qur'an" and "History of Qur'an". He was Distinguished Professor of Arabic and Persian at Aligarh Muslim University and Jamia Millia Islamia.
Aidar Kaipov (?–present) – a Kazakh journalist and Islamic reformer.[85][86]
Rashad Khalifa (1935–1990) – an Egyptian-American biochemist and Islamic reformer. In his book "Quran, Hadith and Islam" and his English translation of the Quran, he argued that the Quran alone is the source of Islamic belief and practice. He was also the initial discoverer of the numerical structure of the Quran.
Sam Khalifa (1963–present) – a retired American infielder who spent all of three seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) with the Pittsburgh Pirates (1985–1987). He is currently the only Muslim of Arab descent to have played in the Major Leagues. His father, Rashad Khalifa, was murdered on January 31, 1990.[87]
Syed Ahmed Khan (1817–1898) – an Indian scholar. He is often considered the founder of the modernist movement within Islam, noted for his application of "rational science" to the Quran and Hadith and his conclusion that the Hadith were not legally binding on Muslims.[70] His student, Chiragh Ali, went further, suggesting all the hadith were fabrications.[70][88]
Cesar Adib Majul (1923–2004) – a Filipino American philosopher and scholar. He was educated at the University of the Philippines and Cornell University. He was Professor Emeritus and former Dean at the Institute of Islamic Studies at the University of the Philippines. He was the author of the books "Muslims in the Philippines," "Muhammad Iqbal and his philosophy of the ego," "The Names of Allah in Relation to the Mathematical Structure of Quran," and co-author of "Islam and Conflict Resolution: Theories and Practices". He was acknowledged by Rashad Khalifa for discovering parts of the numerical structure of the Quran.
Irshad Manji (1968–present) – a Canadian author, journalist and an advocate of a "reform and progressive" interpretation of Islam. She was a participant of the Muslim Heretics Conference and the author of "Allah, Liberty and Love". Drawing extensively on the Qur'an, Manji describes a universal God that loves us enough to give us choices and the capacity to make them.[89]
Ahmed Subhy Mansour (1949–present) – an Egyptian American scholar. He is a recognised Islamic scholar and cleric, with expertise in Islamic history, culture, theology, and politics.[90] He founded a small group of Quranists, but was exiled from Egypt and is now living in the United States as a political refugee.[91] One of his followers, Egyptian blogger Reda Abdel-Rahman was freed on January 2009 after being detained for a year. Abdel-Rahman was imprisoned for writing blogs that reject the sunnah and hadith, and claimed he was tortured in order to reveal the password to his e-mail. Sheikh Mansour was fired from Al-Azhar University after expressing his hadith rejector views.
Inayatullah Khan Mashriqi (1888–1963) – a Pakistani mathematician, logician, political theorist, Islamic scholar and the founder of the Khaksar movement.[92][93][94]
Chekannur_Maulavi (born 1936 disappeared July 29, 1993) – a progressive Islamic cleric who lived in Edappal in Malappuram district of Kerala, India. He was noted for his controversial and unconventional interpretation of Islam based on Quran alone. He disappeared on 29 July 1993 under mysterious circumstances and is now widely believed to be dead. His life and disappearance are the subject of a documentary, Ore Oru Chekannur, for which filming began in 2009.[95][96][97]
Arnold Mol (?–present) – a Dutch theologian. Born and raised in the Netherlands as a Catholic, he converted to Islam at the age of 20. He is a co-founder of the Deen Research Center.[98][99]
Aisha Y. Musa (?–present) – an American Islamic scholar. She received her Ph.D. in Arabic and Islamic Studies from Harvard University. She is Assistant Professor of Religion and Middle Eastern Studies and Islamic Civilization at Colgate University and author of “Hadith as Scripture: Discussions on the Authority of Prophetic Traditions in Islam” and “A Quranically Based Vision of Multiculturalism and Inter-Religious Relations”.[100][101]
Martha Schulte-Nafeh (1953–present) – an American Islamic scholar. She received her Ph.D. in Near Eastern Studies - Arabic Language and Linguistics from the University of Arizona. She was the former Director at the Center for Arabic Studies Abroad (CASA), and is current Lecturer III, Arabic at the University of Michigan. She is a co-author of "Quran: A Reformist Translation".[102]
Ibrahim an-Nazzam (775–845) – an Afro Iraqi philosopher, theologian, jurist, historian, and poet. He founded a madhhab called the Nazzamiyya. He was a nephew of the Mu'tazilite theologian Abu al-Hudhayl al-'Allaf, and al-Jahiz was one of his students.[103]
Justice Isa Othman (?–?) – a Nigerian High Court judge from Maiduguri. Until his death, he was a leader of the Quranists in Nigeria. He was influenced by the ideas of Rashad Khalifa, which were brought to Nigeria by Alhaji Mohammed Alabe.[104][105]
Yasar Nuri Ozturk (1951–present) – a Turkish theologian, lawyer, columnist and a former member of Turkish parliament. He is the founder of the People's Ascent Party. He has served as both faculty member and dean at the Istanbul University for over 26 years and taught Islamic thought at the Theological Seminary of Barrytown in New York for one year as a guest professor. He is the author of the book "The Islam of the Qur'an" and a Turkish translation of the Quran.[106]
Ghulam Ahmed Pervez (1903–1985) – a prominent Pakistani Islamic scholar, famous in the area around Lahore. He urged the Muslims to ponder deeply over the Message of the Quran. He was the founder of Tolu-e-Islam.
Ma Qixi (1857–1914) – a Chinese Islamic scholar and reformer. In 1901 he started a movement that emphasized the study of the Quran as the only scripture as opposed to other Sufi texts. Like the Chinese Muslim reformer, Hu Songshan, he also advocated modern education and study of the Chinese and Arabic languages for men and women.[107][108]
Abdur Rab (?–present) – a Bangladeshi economist. He received his Bachelor and Master degrees from the University of Dhaka and a doctorate from Harvard University. He is author of the book "Exploring Islam in a New Light: A View from the Quranic Perspective".[109]
Anisur-Rahman (?–present) – a Bangladeshi physicist. He is author of the books "Why Quran alone," "The Glorious Quran and Modern Science: The Greatest Surprise," and "God and Natural Disasters".[110][111]
Mistri Muhammad Ramadan (1875–1940) – an Indian Muslim reformer. He was the founder of the Anjuman-i-Ahl-i-Dhikr Wa al-Qur'an organization.".[112]
Ahmad Rashad (1949–present) – an American sportscaster (mostly with NBC Sports) and former professional football player. An All-American running back and wide receiver, he was the fourth overall pick in the 1972 NFL Draft, drafted by the St. Louis Cardinals. He also played for the Buffalo Bills (1974–1976), the Seattle Seahawks (1976), and, most notably, the Minnesota Vikings (1976–1982), where he earned four Pro Bowl selections from 1978 to 1981. He converted to Islam in 1972. His last name comes from his mentor in St. Louis, Rashad Khalifa.[113]
Malam Isiyaka Salisu (?–present) – a Nigerian Islamic scholar and reformer. He is one of the most well-known Quranist leaders in Nigeria. His group, called Yan Kala Kato, is often mistaken for a militant group called Yan Tatsine (also known as Maitatsine), an unrelated cult-like group founded by Muhammadu Marwa. Marwa was killed in 1980. Marwa's successor, Musa Makaniki, was executed in 2006. And another leader of Yan Tatsine, Malam Badamasi, was killed in 2009.[114]
Mohammed Shahrour (1938–present) – a Syrian reformer and Emeritus Professor of Civil Engineering at the University of Damascus who writes extensively about Islam. Shahrour was trained as an engineer in Syria, the former Soviet Union and Ireland. Like other Quraniyoon Muslims, he does not consider Hadith, however, he does not belong to the same school as Ahmed Subhy Mansour.
T.O. Shanavas (?–present) – an Indian American pediatrician. He is author of the book "Islamic Theory of Evolution: The Missing Link between Darwin and the Origin of Species" and co-author of "And God said, 'Let there be evolution!': Reconciling the Book of Genesis, the Qur'an, and the Theory of Evolution".[73]
Muhammad Tawfiq Sidqi (1881–1920) – an Egyptian physician and reformer. In his essay in al-Manar (magazine), "al-islam huwa al-quran wahdahu," he argued that Islamic thought and practice should be based on the Quran alone.
Asarulislam Syed (1951–present) – a Pakistani American neurologist and psychiatrist. He is the founder of the Jannat Pakistan Party.
Caner Taslaman (1968–present) – a Turkish philosopher. He is author of the books "The Quran: Unchallengeable Miracle" and "The Big Bang, Philosophy and God". He was visiting scholar at the University of Tokyo and currently teaches philosophy at Yıldız Technical University, Istanbul.[73]
Alexander Russell Webb (1846–1916) an American writer, publisher, and U.S. Consular Representative to the Philippines. He was greatly influenced by the ideas of Chiragh Ali. During one of their meetings, Ali personally gave Webb a copy of his book "A Critical Exposition of the Popular Jihad".[115]
Edip Yuksel (1957–present) – a Kurdish American philosopher, lawyer, and advocate of the Qurʾāniyūn movement. He received his B.A. degrees in Philosophy and Near Eastern Studies and J.D. degree from the University of Arizona. He is the author of "NINETEEN: God's Signature in Nature and Scripture," "Manifesto for Islamic Reform," and a co-author of "Quran: A Reformist Translation". He currently teaches philosophy and logic at Pima Community College and medical ethics and criminal law courses at Brown Mackie College.[116][117][118][119]
NOTABLE QURANIST TRANSLATIONS OF THE QUR'AN
"Quran: A Reformist Translation", 2007, by Edip Yüksel; Layth Saleh Al-Shaiban; Martha Schulte-Nafeh. Brainbow Press.
"Qur'an: The Final Testament", 1989, by Rashad Khalifa. Islamic Productions.
"Qur'an As It Explains Itself", 2003, by Shabbir Ahmed.
"The Qur'an: A Pure and Literal Translation", 2008, by The Monotheist Group.
SEE ALSO
Liberal movements within Islam
Criticism of Hadith
Hadith of Umar's ban on hadith
Qur'an and Sunnah
Sola scriptura
Karaism
FURTHER READING
Aisha Y. Musa, Hadith as Scripture: Discussions on the Authority of Prophetic Traditions in Islam, New York: Palgrave, 2008
Ali Usman Qasmi, Questioning the Authority of the Past: The Ahl al-Qur'an Movements in the Punjab, Oxford University Press, 2012
Daniel Brown, Rethinking Tradition in Modern Islamic Thought, Cambridge University Press, 1996
EXTERNAL LINKS
19.org
International Quranic Center-English
Muslims fo Peace, Justice, and Progress
Quranic.org
Quran-Islam.org
Quranix.net A website with various English translations of the Quran
The Message of Islam / For People Who Think
Tolu-e-Islam
free-minds.org A popular Quranist website with a forum of sizable membership.
Islamic-research.org A popular Quranist / Quran alone website sharing information / articles based on the Quran.
quran-alone.com A Quranist directory sharing study tools and translations of the Quran.
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